A reed bed or constructed wetland is a natural form of domestic or industrial waste water. Reed bed systems are an effective, sustainable and low maintenance method of sewage treatment. Aesthetically pleasing to the eye, the bed(s) requires no electricity and once matured provides an ecological habitat for a wide range of species. Reed beds are subject to Environment Agency Permitting guidelines.
WCI was one of the first pollution control sewage treatment companies to design and construct reed beds in the United Kingdom. We have been constructing them for over 15 years and have more than 1040 reed bed cells installed throughout the British Isles.
There are two main types of reed bed. Horizontal and vertical flow.
Horizontal flow (HF) reed beds are shallow lined structures which are constantly flooded to just below the gravel line. The effluent enters at one end and travels horizontally through the reeds `bacteria rich` root zone, before being discharged on the far side of the bed. The Common Reed Phragmites australis is able to transfer oxygen from its leaves, down through its stem and rhizomes into the gravels around the root system creating a high population of micro organisms.
Vertical flow (VF) reed beds are lined, deeper structures made up of layers of various sized gravels planted with reeds. It is a free draining structure where effluent is delivered to the top of the bed in batches (by gravity dosing unit or electrical pump), floods the surface of the bed and drains through. Each batch traps oxygen in the bed leading to an aerated system. VF systems are more effective than HF systems at ammonia removal due to increased oxygen levels within them. VF systems have a smaller footprint than HF systems and can cope with stronger effluents.
VF and HF beds can be installed together in a Hybrid system to achieve a higher standard of discharge or where influent strength is higher.
Reed beds can be installed to polish sewage treatment plant effluent in order to reach Environment Agency Permit criteria or to deal with a seasonal application (i.e. caravan parks) to reduce the discharge flow to a sensitive watercourse in the summer months. The systems can be adorned with educational sign boards and used to inform people of their function and role.
If you think a reed bed might be suitable for your property and would like to talk to one of our engineers please contact us now on 01984 623404.
Year in, year out, little maintenance is required. The primary tank and/or clarifiers will be need to be emptied every 6-12 months or when necessary. Until the reeds are fully established it will be necessary to weed the bed(s). This ensures that the reeds are the dominant species in the bed and the coverage is in excess of 70%, as specified by the EA Permit. After 3-5 growing seasons the established reeds can be cut down to encourage new growth from the rhizomes.
Please note: when maintaining the beds protective clothing, gloves and eye wear should be worn. We currently have 17 year old reed beds achieving EA permit criteria without the need for replacing the gravels. This has been achieved with regular simple maintenance of the bed and annual emptying of the preceding septic tank (as would be needed if the system was a soakaway system).
If you think a reed bed might be suitable for your property and would like to talk to one of our engineers please contact us now on 01984 623404.